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Relativsätze übersetzen 1 — Familie und Freunde

Translate into German — the point is the relative pronoun.

Translate each sentence into German, using the German words given after the dash. Only the relative pronoun is checked — with its preposition, straight after the comma (…, mit denen …) — so keep that comma. The model is shown afterwards to compare the rest.

Dativ — dem, der, denen

English often drops 'who' or leaves the preposition at the end: 'the friend I helped', 'the child I gave it to'. German always needs the pronoun, and the verb decides the case.

  1. My brother, who I often help, lives in Berlin. — der Bruder · helfen + Dativ

  2. My grandma, who I write to every week, is 90 years old. — die Oma · schreiben + Dativ

  3. The child I gave the book to is happy. — das Kind · das Buch · schenken · sich freuen

  4. My parents, to whom I owe a lot, are visiting us tomorrow. — die Eltern · verdanken + Dativ

  5. The friends who liked the party want to come back. — die Freunde · die Party · gefallen + Dativ

  6. My sister, who the car belongs to, is on holiday. — die Schwester · das Auto · gehören + Dativ

Mit Präposition

'The flat I live in' → die Wohnung, in der ich wohne. The preposition moves to the front of the clause.

  1. The friend I talked to on the phone is coming on Saturday. — die Freundin · telefonieren mit

  2. The cousin I'm staying with lives in Hamburg. — der Cousin · übernachten bei

  3. The children my son plays with are very nice. — die Kinder · der Sohn · spielen mit

  4. The house my grandparents live in is very old. — das Haus · die Großeltern

  5. My friends, who I've learned a lot from, live abroad now. — die Freunde · lernen von · im Ausland

  6. The wedding we're invited to is in June. — die Hochzeit · einladen zu

Genitiv — dessen, deren

'whose' → dessen (masculine, neuter) or deren (feminine, plural).

  1. My friend, whose sister lives in Vienna, is from Austria. — der Freund · die Schwester

  2. The neighbour whose cat sleeps at our place is very friendly. — die Nachbarin · die Katze

  3. The baby whose name is Lena sleeps a lot. — das Baby · der Name

  4. The grandparents whose house is by the lake are inviting us. — die Großeltern · das Haus · am See · einladen

  5. My aunt, whose children are already grown up, travels a lot. — die Tante · die Kinder · erwachsen

  6. Grandpa, whose stories everyone loves, tells one every evening. — der Opa · die Geschichten · erzählen

Gemischt — welcher Fall?

All the cases mixed. Work out what the pronoun does in its own clause before you write it.

  1. The woman whose husband is a doctor is called Anna. — die Frau · der Mann

  2. The woman I helped is called Anna. — helfen + Dativ

  3. The man I saw yesterday is my teacher. — der Mann · der Lehrer

  4. The children I read to are five years old. — die Kinder · vorlesen + Dativ

  5. Children whose parents work eat at school. — die Eltern

  6. The friend whose brother I work with is coming today. — die Freundin · der Bruder · arbeiten mit

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